SDG 15: Life on land

Iberdrola is committed to achieving zero net loss of biodiversity by 2030

At the Iberdrola Group, we protect, restore and promote the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems in all the countries where we operate, thereby contributing directly to the achievement of United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 15: Life on Land. To this end, we take biodiversity conservation into account in the planning and subsequent implementation of all our activities.

Goal 15: Life on land. Video voice transcription (Spanish version) [PDF] External link, opens in new window.

SDG 15: Life on land, what is it and why is it so important?

SDG 15 seeks to protect, restore and promote the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, halt and reverse land degradation, combat desertification and halt biodiversity loss.

Some 31% of the world's land area is covered by forests, which are home to more than 80% of all terrestrial species of animals, plants and insects. Terrestrial ecosystems are also vital for sustaining human life, contribute to more than half of the world's GDP and influence diverse cultural, spiritual and economic values. However, the loss of forest cover is a pressing threat to life on Earth. Although deforestation fell to 10.9 million hectares per year between 2015 and 2025, compared with 17.6 million between 1990 and 2000, the current rate remains “far too high”, according to the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025External link, opens in new window. by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO).

Moreover, human activity, itself aggravated by the scourge of climate change, is the main cause of land degradation, which directly affects 1.3 billion people. If land continues to be impoverished at the same rate, there will be an additional 1.7 billion people through declining crop yields, according to the report The State of Food and Agriculture 2025 by the FAOExternal link, opens in new window. (Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations).

As for species extinction, it should not be forgotten that this is an irreversible effect. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) compiles the Red List Index, a key indicator of the state of global biodiversity. According to its 2025 updateExternal link, opens in new window. , more than 48,600 species are currently threatened with extinction, representing 28% of all assessed species. Among the most threatened groups are cycads (71%), corals (44%), amphibians (41%) and sharks and rays (38%).

Despite efforts to meet the targets of this goal, the UN 2025 SDG Progress Report [PDF] does not paint a promising picture. It highlights that SDG 15, which focuses on the protection of terrestrial ecosystems, is one of the most lagging behind in the run-up to 2030, as it has shown no significant progress – or only very limited progress – and continues to face major challenges.

Reversing this reality has become an overriding goal at the international level. For this reason, protecting, restoring and promoting the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably managing forests, combating desertification and halting and reversing land degradation and biodiversity loss is SDG 15 of the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals, adopted in September 2015 as part of the 2030 Agenda.

Iberdrola aligned with the Objectives of Sustainable Development

Keys to understanding deforestation in the world

Disappearance of forests In the last two decades, almost 100 million hectares of forest area have been lost.
High risk of extinction Of the 8 million species that currently exist on the planet, one million are at risk.
Need for forests to subsist Around 1.6 billion people need forests for their livelihoods.

Countries with the most hectares of forest lost

Brazil
Colombia
Bolivia
Paraguay
Dem. Rep. del Congo
Sri Lanka
Malaysia
Indonesia
Madagascar
Ivory Coast

Main causes

The main causes of deforestation are: increasing agricultural and urban expansion; the proliferation of industries that want to use wood as fuel; natural disasters, such as fires and tropical storms; and the absence of laws protecting green areas in some countries.

How can we put an end to it?

We need to recycle and reduce paper and plastic consumption; reforest burned land and plant fast-reproducing trees; forestry education programmes must be established to raise public awareness; and global policies must be put in place to ensure the protection and development of forests.

Sources: Global Forest Watch and World Resources Institute, UN, FAO and World Bank.

SEE INFOGRAPHIC: Keys to understanding world deforestation [PDF]

SDG 15 Targets: Life on land

The specific targets set for 2030 are:

Conserve, restore and use terrestrial ecosystems and inland freshwater ecosystems (forests, wetlands, mountains and arid areas) in a sustainable manner.
Fight against desertification and rehabilitate degraded lands and soils.
Ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biological diversity, to achieve essential benefits for their sustainable development.
Take urgent measures to end poaching and trafficking of protected fauna and flora species.

The SDGs and their impact on economy, society and environment

The SDGs as part of Iberdrola Group's business strategy

Main focus

Direct Contribution

Indirect Contribution to all Other SDGs

Committed to the Sustainable Development Goals

Our contribution to SDG 15: Life of Terrestrial Ecosystems

At Iberdrola, we are committed to SDG 15: Life of terrestrial ecosystems, and we have therefore made a commitment to achieve zero net loss of biodiversity by 2030. To this end, we develop biodiversity protection programmes in all of the countries in which we operate and incorporate this matter into our environmental management systems (EMS).

We have created the 2030 Biodiversity Plan as a roadmap adopted by the company to strengthen our commitment to biodiversity and nature.
We promote the planting of 20 million trees by 2030, through the Trees Programme, which will occupy an area equivalent to 25,000 football pitches and capture approximately 6 million tonnes of CO2 over 30 years.
We have signed up to the Business for Nature platform's Call to Action initiative, dedicated to reversing biodiversity loss.
We have obtained the first AENOR Corporate Environmental Footprint certificate.